What to focus on while you read
Third-party influence on clubs (Article 18bis)
Article 18bis prohibits contracts that let another club or any third party influence a club's independence, policies, or team performance in employment and transfer-related matters. It is about influence — not every sponsorship.
Key points
- No club shall enter into a contract which enables the counter club/counter clubs, and vice versa, or any third party to acquire the ability to influence employment and transfer-related matters, its independence, its policies or the performance of its teams.
- Veto rights over loans, transfers, or squad selection are classic prohibited influence mechanisms.
- The FIFA Disciplinary Committee may impose disciplinary measures on clubs that breach Article 18bis.
Exam traps
- Treating ordinary commercial sponsorship without influence rights as an automatic 18bis breach.
- Assuming domestic company-law approval cures prohibited influence arrangements.
- Confusing 18bis (influence) with 18ter (third-party ownership of economic rights).
Unit outline
Article 18bis: Third-party influence